日粮营养水平对150~180日龄滩羊瘤胃相关微生物菌群数量、pH和VFA含量的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮对150~180日龄期间宁夏滩羊瘤胃相关微生物菌群（溶糊精琥珀酸弧菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌、反刍兽月形单胞菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、小韦荣球菌和产甲烷菌）数量、pH和VFA含量的影响。选取112只（公母各半）、体重接近（29±1.25）kg、体况良好的105日龄宁夏滩羊，采用完全随机分组试验设计分为4个处理组（组Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ和Ⅳ），每个处理组4个重复，每个重复7只羊。从处理组Ⅰ到Ⅳ，日粮能量分别为7.08、 8.09、9.10和10.11 MJ• kg^-1；蛋白质水平分别为8.04%、9.19%、10.34%和11.49%。能量与蛋白质比值不变（约为0.88）。试验期共75 d，其中预试期15 d。分别在150和180日龄时，每个重复随机选取1只羊屠宰采集瘤胃内容物，测定其pH，并利用气相色谱法测定待测瘤胃内容物的VFA含量；提取瘤胃内容物基因组DNA，通过构建标准质粒对这些相关微生物进行绝对实时荧光定量-PCR分析。结果表明，不同日龄仅对反刍兽月形单胞菌的数量有显著影响（P＜0.05）；但随着日粮营养水平的提高，栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、溶糊精琥珀酸弧菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌和产甲烷菌的数量均呈显著上升趋势（P＜0.05）；不同日龄和不同营养水平日粮对瘤胃液pH均无显著影响（P＞0.05）；瘤胃液中乙酸含量随日粮营养水平的提高呈显著下降趋势（P＜0.05），丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的比例随着日粮营养水平的提高呈显著上升趋势（P＜0.05）。不同瘤胃微生物之间存在相互促进作用；丙酸含量与小韦荣球菌的数量呈显著正相关（r＝0.42，P＜0.05），而戊酸与小韦荣球菌的数量呈极显著负相关（r＝－0.53，P＜0.01）。与日龄相比，不同营养水平的日粮相关瘤胃微生物数量以及VFA的含量影响更大；瘤胃VFA、pH与相关瘤胃微生物之间存在相关关系。

Abstract:

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary nutrient levels on the number of related microbes，including Succinivibrio dextrinisolvens(S.dextrinisolvens)， Prevotella ruminicola(P.ruminicola)，Selenomonas ruminantium(S.ruminantium)，Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B.fibrisolvens)，Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R.flavefaciens)，Veillonella parvula(V.parvula） and Methanogens，pH and VFA levels in the rumen of Tan sheep aged from 150 to 180 days.One hundred and twelve 105-day-old Tan sheep（half males and half females） with the similar average body weight (BW) of (29±1.25) kg and better body condition were allotted randomly to 4 dietary treatments (group Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ and Ⅳ).Each treatment had 4 replicated pens，with 7 sheep in each pen.From group Ⅰ to Ⅳ，energy of diets were 7.08，8.09，9.10 and 10.11 MJ• kg^-1，respectively；dietary protein levels were 8.04%，9.19%，10.34% and 11.49%，respectively.The ratio of energy to protein was kept unchanged (about 0.88).The experiment lasted for 75 days，including 15 days for adaptation.On 150 and 180 days of age, one sheep was randomly selected in each replicate for slaughter and rumen contents were collected，pH was tested and VFA levels in the rumen were analyzed by gas chromatography measurement.Genomic DNA was extracted from rumen contents，qRT-PCR was used for the absolute quantification of these related microbes by the consruction of the standard plasmids.The result showed that the number of S.ruminantium on different days of age were significantly different (P＜0.05).However，with the increasing of dietary nutrient levels，the number of P.ruminicola，R.flavefaciens，S.dextrinisolvens，B.fibrisolvens and Methanogens increased significantly (P＜0.05).With the distinct days of age and dietary nutrient levels，pH was not significantly different (P＞0.05).The content of acetate acid showed significantly downward trend from lower dietary nutrient levels to higher dietary nutrient levels(P＜0.05).The ratio of butyrate，isobutyric，pentanoic acid and isovaleric to total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) showed significantly upward trends(P＜0.05).There were mutually improved relationships between different rumen microbes.Propionic acid content was significantly and positively correlated with the number of V.parvula(r＝0.42，P＜0.05)，while the content of pentanoic acid was extremely significantly negatively related to the number of V.parvula (r＝－0.53，P＜0.01).Compared with the effect of days of age，different nutrient levels have greater effects on rumen microbes and VFA levels.There are correlations between the levels of rumen VFA，pH and related ruminal microbes.

中图分类号:

S811.6

王尧悦，赵钊艳，王兴涛，陈玉林，杨雨鑫. 日粮营养水平对150~180日龄滩羊瘤胃相关微生物菌群数量、pH和VFA含量的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2016, 47(10): 2060-2070.

WANG Yao-yue，ZHAO Zhao-yan，WANG Xing-tao，CHEN Yu-lin，YANG Yu-xin. Effect of Dietary Nutrient Levels on the Number of Related Microbes，pH and VFA Levels in Rumen of Tan Sheep Aged from 150 to 180 Days[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(10): 2060-2070.

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